(3) That this variation of the curvature of space is what really happens in that phenomenon which we call the motion of matter, whether ponderable or etherial. (2) That this property of being curved or distorted is continually being passed on from one portion of space to another after the manner of a wave. (1) That small portions of space are in fact of a nature analogous to little hills on a surface which is on the average flat namely, that the ordinary laws of geometry are not valid in them. Carl Barus, "The Progress of Physics in the Nineteenth Century," II., Science, (Sept.Its predictions have, moreover, been astonishingly verified by the work of Hertz (1890), and it is to-day acquiring added power in the convection theories of Lorentz (1895) and others. Nevertheless the great electromagnetic theory of light propounded by Maxwell (1864, 'Treatise,' 1873) has been singularly apt not only in explaining all the phenomena reached by the older theories and in predicting entirely novel results, but in harmoniously uniting as parts of a unique doctrine, both the electric or photographic light vector of Fresnel and Cauchy and the magnetic vector of Neumann and MacCullagh. that the elastic theories of light, if Kelvin's gyrostatic adynamic ether be admitted, have not been wholly routed. The difficult surface conditions met with when light passes from one medium to another, including such subjects as ellipticity, total reflection, etc., have been critically discussed among others by Neumann (1835) and Rayleigh (1888) but the discrimination between the Fresnel and the Neumann vector was not accomplished without misgiving before the advent of the work of Hertz.Barrow The Book of Nothing (2009) chapter nought "Nothingology-Flying to Nowhere" turned into a stagnant ether through which all the motions of the Universe swam, vanished in Einstein's hands, then re-emerged in the twentieth-century quantum picture of how Nature works. The physicist's concept of nothing-the vacuum.
Barrow The Book of Nothing (2009) Preface Its presence is felt on the very smallest and largest dimensions over which the forces of Nature act. It took an Einstein to remove it from the Universe.Gradually, over the last twenty years, the vacuum has turned out to be more unusual, more fluid, less empty, and less intangible than even Einstein could have imagined. Alexander, Victorian Literature and the Physics of the Imponderable (2015) Instead, physicists now believed that space was filled with the luminiferous ether, and matter, physicists hypothesized, was simply movement within the ether.
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